Node fs模块
2021-10-10 Javascript
1. fs 模块 #
- 在 Node.js 中,使用 fs 模块来实现所有有关文件及目录的创建、写入及删除操作。
- 在 fs 模块中,所有的方法都分为同步和异步两种实现。
- 具有
sync
后缀的方法为同步方法,不具有sync
后缀的方法为异步方法。
2. 整体读取文件 #
2.1 异步读取 #
fs.readFile(path[, options], callback)
fs.readFile(path[, options], callback)
- options
- encoding
- flag flag 默认 = ‘r’
2.2 同步读取 #
fs.readFileSync(path[, options])
fs.readFileSync(path[, options])
3. 写入文件 #
3.1 异步写入 #
fs.writeFile(file, data[, options], callback)
fs.writeFile(file, data[, options], callback)
- options
- encoding
- flag flag 默认 = ‘w’
- mode 读写权限,默认为 0666
let fs = require("fs");
fs.writeFile("./1.txt", Date.now() + "\n", { flag: "a" }, function () {
console.log("ok");
});
let fs = require("fs");
fs.writeFile("./1.txt", Date.now() + "\n", { flag: "a" }, function () {
console.log("ok");
});
3.2 同步写入 #
fs.writeFileSync(file, data[, options])
fs.writeFileSync(file, data[, options])
3.3 追加文件 #
fs.appendFile(file, data[, options], callback)
fs.appendFile("./1.txt", Date.now() + "\n", function () {
console.log("ok");
});
fs.appendFile("./1.txt", Date.now() + "\n", function () {
console.log("ok");
});
3.4 拷贝文件 #
function copy(src, target) {
fs.readFile(src, function (err, data) {
fs.writeFile(target, data);
});
}
function copy(src, target) {
fs.readFile(src, function (err, data) {
fs.writeFile(target, data);
});
}
4. 从指定位置处开始读取文件 #
4.1 打开文件 #
fs.open(filename,flags,[mode],callback);
- FileDescriptor 是文件描述符
- FileDescriptor 可以被用来表示文件
- in – 标准输入(键盘)的描述符
- out – 标准输出(屏幕)的描述符
- err – 标准错误输出(屏幕)的描述符
fs.open("./1,txt", "r", 0600, function (err, fd) {});
fs.open("./1,txt", "r", 0600, function (err, fd) {});
4.2 读取文件 #
fs.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback((err, bytesRead, buffer)))
// 前端笔记
const fs = require("fs");
const path = require("path");
fs.open(path.join(__dirname, "1.txt"), "r", 0o666, function (err, fd) {
console.log(err);
let buf = Buffer.alloc(6);
fs.read(fd, buf, 0, 6, 3, function (err, bytesRead, buffer) {
console.log(bytesRead); //6
console.log(buffer === buf); //true
console.log(buf.toString());
});
});
// 前端笔记
const fs = require("fs");
const path = require("path");
fs.open(path.join(__dirname, "1.txt"), "r", 0o666, function (err, fd) {
console.log(err);
let buf = Buffer.alloc(6);
fs.read(fd, buf, 0, 6, 3, function (err, bytesRead, buffer) {
console.log(bytesRead); //6
console.log(buffer === buf); //true
console.log(buf.toString());
});
});
4.3 写入文件 #
fs.write(fd, buffer[, offset[, length[, position]]], callback)
const fs = require("fs");
const path = require("path");
fs.open(path.join(__dirname, "1.txt"), "w", 0o666, function (err, fd) {
console.log(err);
let buf = Buffer.from(" 前端笔记");
fs.write(fd, buf, 3, 6, 0, function (err, bytesWritten, buffer) {
console.log(bytesWritten); //6
console.log(buffer === buf); //true
console.log(buf.toString()); // 前端笔记
});
});
const fs = require("fs");
const path = require("path");
fs.open(path.join(__dirname, "1.txt"), "w", 0o666, function (err, fd) {
console.log(err);
let buf = Buffer.from(" 前端笔记");
fs.write(fd, buf, 3, 6, 0, function (err, bytesWritten, buffer) {
console.log(bytesWritten); //6
console.log(buffer === buf); //true
console.log(buf.toString()); // 前端笔记
});
});
4.4 同步磁盘缓存 #
fs.fsync(fd,[callback]);
4.5 关闭文件 #
fs.close(fd,[callback]);
let buf = Buffer.from("前端笔记");
fs.open("./2.txt", "w", function (err, fd) {
fs.write(fd, buf, 3, 6, 0, function (err, written, buffer) {
console.log(written);
fs.fsync(fd, function (err) {
fs.close(fd, function (err) {
console.log("写入完毕!");
});
});
});
});
let buf = Buffer.from("前端笔记");
fs.open("./2.txt", "w", function (err, fd) {
fs.write(fd, buf, 3, 6, 0, function (err, written, buffer) {
console.log(written);
fs.fsync(fd, function (err) {
fs.close(fd, function (err) {
console.log("写入完毕!");
});
});
});
});
4.6 拷贝文件 #
let BUFFER_SIZE = 1;
const path = require("path");
const fs = require("fs");
function copy(src, dest, callback) {
let buf = Buffer.alloc(BUFFER_SIZE);
fs.open(src, "r", (err, readFd) => {
fs.open(dest, "w", (err, writeFd) => {
!(function read() {
fs.read(readFd, buf, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, null, (err, bytesRead) => {
bytesRead && fs.write(writeFd, buf, 0, bytesRead, read);
});
})();
});
});
}
copy(path.join(__dirname, "1.txt"), path.join(__dirname, "2.txt"), () =>
console.log("ok")
);
let BUFFER_SIZE = 1;
const path = require("path");
const fs = require("fs");
function copy(src, dest, callback) {
let buf = Buffer.alloc(BUFFER_SIZE);
fs.open(src, "r", (err, readFd) => {
fs.open(dest, "w", (err, writeFd) => {
!(function read() {
fs.read(readFd, buf, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, null, (err, bytesRead) => {
bytesRead && fs.write(writeFd, buf, 0, bytesRead, read);
});
})();
});
});
}
copy(path.join(__dirname, "1.txt"), path.join(__dirname, "2.txt"), () =>
console.log("ok")
);
5 目录操作 #
5.1 创建目录 #
fs.mkdir(path[, mode], callback)
要求父目录必须存在
5.2 判断一个文件是否有权限访问 #
fs.access(path[, mode], callback)
fs.access("/etc/passwd", fs.constants.R_OK | fs.constants.W_OK, (err) => { console.log(err ? "no access!" : "can read/write"); });
fs.access("/etc/passwd", fs.constants.R_OK | fs.constants.W_OK, (err) => { console.log(err ? "no access!" : "can read/write"); });
5.3 读取目录下所有的文件 #
fs.readdir(path[, options], callback)
5.4 查看文件目录信息 #
fs.stat(path, callback)
- stats.isFile()
- stats.isDirectory()
- atime(Access Time)上次被读取的时间。
- ctime(State Change Time):属性或内容上次被修改的时间。
- mtime(Modified time):档案的内容上次被修改的时间。
5.5 移动文件或目录 #
fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, callback);
fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, callback);
5.6 删除文件 #
fs.unlink(path, callback);
fs.unlink(path, callback);
5.7 截断文件 #
fs.ftruncate(fd[, len], callback)
fs.ftruncate(fd[, len], callback)
const fd = fs.openSync("temp.txt", "r+");
// 截断文件至前4个字节
fs.ftruncate(fd, 4, (err) => {
console.log(fs.readFileSync("temp.txt", "utf8"));
});
const fd = fs.openSync("temp.txt", "r+");
// 截断文件至前4个字节
fs.ftruncate(fd, 4, (err) => {
console.log(fs.readFileSync("temp.txt", "utf8"));
});
5.8 监视文件或目录 #
fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)
fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)
let fs = require("fs");
fs.watchFile("1.txt", (curr, prev) => {
//parse() 方法可解析一个日期时间字符串,并返回 1970/1/1 午夜距离该日期时间的毫秒数。
if (Date.parse(prev.ctime) == 0) {
console.log("创建");
} else if (Date.parse(curr.ctime) == 0) {
console.log("删除");
} else if (Date.parse(prev.ctime) != Date.parse(curr.ctime)) {
console.log("修改");
}
});
let fs = require("fs");
fs.watchFile("1.txt", (curr, prev) => {
//parse() 方法可解析一个日期时间字符串,并返回 1970/1/1 午夜距离该日期时间的毫秒数。
if (Date.parse(prev.ctime) == 0) {
console.log("创建");
} else if (Date.parse(curr.ctime) == 0) {
console.log("删除");
} else if (Date.parse(prev.ctime) != Date.parse(curr.ctime)) {
console.log("修改");
}
});
6 递归创建目录 #
6.1 同步创建目录 #
let fs = require("fs");
let path = require("path");
function makepSync(dir) {
let parts = dir.split(path.sep);
for (let i = 1; i <= parts.length; i++) {
let parent = parts.slice(0, i).join(path.sep);
try {
fs.accessSync(parent);
} catch (error) {
fs.mkdirSync(parent);
}
}
}
let fs = require("fs");
let path = require("path");
function makepSync(dir) {
let parts = dir.split(path.sep);
for (let i = 1; i <= parts.length; i++) {
let parent = parts.slice(0, i).join(path.sep);
try {
fs.accessSync(parent);
} catch (error) {
fs.mkdirSync(parent);
}
}
}
6.2 异步创建目录 #
function makepAsync(dir, callback) {
let parts = dir.split(path.sep);
let i = 1;
function next() {
if (i > parts.length) return callback && callback();
let parent = parts.slice(0, i++).join(path.sep);
fs.access(parent, (err) => {
if (err) {
fs.mkdir(parent, next);
} else {
next();
}
});
}
next();
}
function makepAsync(dir, callback) {
let parts = dir.split(path.sep);
let i = 1;
function next() {
if (i > parts.length) return callback && callback();
let parent = parts.slice(0, i++).join(path.sep);
fs.access(parent, (err) => {
if (err) {
fs.mkdir(parent, next);
} else {
next();
}
});
}
next();
}
6.3 Async+Await 创建目录 #
async function mkdir(parent) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.mkdir(parent, (err) => {
if (err) reject(err);
else resolve();
});
});
}
async function access(parent) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.access(parent, (err) => {
if (err) reject(err);
else resolve();
});
});
}
async function makepPromise(dir, callback) {
let parts = dir.split(path.sep);
for (let i = 1; i <= parts.length; i++) {
let parent = parts.slice(0, i).join(path.sep);
try {
await access(parent);
} catch (err) {
await mkdir(parent);
}
}
}
async function mkdir(parent) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.mkdir(parent, (err) => {
if (err) reject(err);
else resolve();
});
});
}
async function access(parent) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.access(parent, (err) => {
if (err) reject(err);
else resolve();
});
});
}
async function makepPromise(dir, callback) {
let parts = dir.split(path.sep);
for (let i = 1; i <= parts.length; i++) {
let parent = parts.slice(0, i).join(path.sep);
try {
await access(parent);
} catch (err) {
await mkdir(parent);
}
}
}
7. 递归删除目录 #
7.1 同步删除目录(深度优先) >) #
let fs = require("fs");
let path = require("path");
function rmSync(dir) {
try {
let stat = fs.statSync(dir);
if (stat.isFile()) {
fs.unlinkSync(dir);
} else {
let files = fs.readdirSync(dir);
files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file)).forEach((item) => rmSync(item));
fs.rmdirSync(dir);
}
} catch (e) {
console.log("删除失败!");
}
}
rmSync(path.join(__dirname, "a"));
let fs = require("fs");
let path = require("path");
function rmSync(dir) {
try {
let stat = fs.statSync(dir);
if (stat.isFile()) {
fs.unlinkSync(dir);
} else {
let files = fs.readdirSync(dir);
files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file)).forEach((item) => rmSync(item));
fs.rmdirSync(dir);
}
} catch (e) {
console.log("删除失败!");
}
}
rmSync(path.join(__dirname, "a"));
7.2 异步删除非空目录(Promise 版) >) #
function rmPromise(dir) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.stat(dir, (err, stat) => {
if (err) return reject(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
let paths = files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file));
let promises = paths.map((p) => rmPromise(p));
Promise.all(promises).then(() => fs.rmdir(dir, resolve));
});
} else {
fs.unlink(dir, resolve);
}
});
});
}
rmPromise(path.join(__dirname, "a")).then(() => {
console.log("删除成功");
});
function rmPromise(dir) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.stat(dir, (err, stat) => {
if (err) return reject(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
let paths = files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file));
let promises = paths.map((p) => rmPromise(p));
Promise.all(promises).then(() => fs.rmdir(dir, resolve));
});
} else {
fs.unlink(dir, resolve);
}
});
});
}
rmPromise(path.join(__dirname, "a")).then(() => {
console.log("删除成功");
});
7.3 异步串行删除目录(深度优先) >) #
function rmAsyncSeries(dir, callback) {
setTimeout(() => {
fs.stat(dir, (err, stat) => {
if (err) return callback(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
let paths = files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file));
function next(index) {
if (index >= files.length) return fs.rmdir(dir, callback);
let current = paths[index];
rmAsyncSeries(current, () => next(index + 1));
}
next(0);
});
} else {
fs.unlink(dir, callback);
}
});
}, 1000);
}
console.time("cost");
rmAsyncSeries(path.join(__dirname, "a"), (err) => {
console.timeEnd("cost");
});
function rmAsyncSeries(dir, callback) {
setTimeout(() => {
fs.stat(dir, (err, stat) => {
if (err) return callback(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
let paths = files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file));
function next(index) {
if (index >= files.length) return fs.rmdir(dir, callback);
let current = paths[index];
rmAsyncSeries(current, () => next(index + 1));
}
next(0);
});
} else {
fs.unlink(dir, callback);
}
});
}, 1000);
}
console.time("cost");
rmAsyncSeries(path.join(__dirname, "a"), (err) => {
console.timeEnd("cost");
});
7.4 异步并行删除目录(深度优先) >) #
function rmAsyncParallel(dir, callback) {
setTimeout(() => {
fs.stat(dir, (err, stat) => {
if (err) return callback(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
let paths = files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file));
if (paths.length > 0) {
let i = 0;
function done() {
if (++i == paths.length) {
fs.rmdir(dir, callback);
}
}
paths.forEach((p) => rmAsyncParallel(p, done));
} else {
fs.rmdir(dir, callback);
}
});
} else {
fs.unlink(dir, callback);
}
});
}, 1000);
}
console.time("cost");
rmAsyncParallel(path.join(__dirname, "a"), (err) => {
console.timeEnd("cost");
});
function rmAsyncParallel(dir, callback) {
setTimeout(() => {
fs.stat(dir, (err, stat) => {
if (err) return callback(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
let paths = files.map((file) => path.join(dir, file));
if (paths.length > 0) {
let i = 0;
function done() {
if (++i == paths.length) {
fs.rmdir(dir, callback);
}
}
paths.forEach((p) => rmAsyncParallel(p, done));
} else {
fs.rmdir(dir, callback);
}
});
} else {
fs.unlink(dir, callback);
}
});
}, 1000);
}
console.time("cost");
rmAsyncParallel(path.join(__dirname, "a"), (err) => {
console.timeEnd("cost");
});
7.5 同步删除目录(广度优先) >) #
function rmSync(dir) {
let arr = [dir];
let index = 0;
while (arr[index]) {
let current = arr[index++];
let stat = fs.statSync(current);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
let dirs = fs.readdirSync(current);
arr = [...arr, ...dirs.map((d) => path.join(current, d))];
}
}
let item;
while (null != (item = arr.pop())) {
let stat = fs.statSync(item);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.rmdirSync(item);
} else {
fs.unlinkSync(item);
}
}
}
function rmSync(dir) {
let arr = [dir];
let index = 0;
while (arr[index]) {
let current = arr[index++];
let stat = fs.statSync(current);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
let dirs = fs.readdirSync(current);
arr = [...arr, ...dirs.map((d) => path.join(current, d))];
}
}
let item;
while (null != (item = arr.pop())) {
let stat = fs.statSync(item);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.rmdirSync(item);
} else {
fs.unlinkSync(item);
}
}
}
7.6 异步删除目录(广度优先) >) #
function rmdirWideAsync(dir, callback) {
let dirs = [dir];
let index = 0;
function rmdir() {
let current = dirs.pop();
if (current) {
fs.stat(current, (err, stat) => {
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.rmdir(current, rmdir);
} else {
fs.unlink(current, rmdir);
}
});
}
}
!(function next() {
let current = dirs[index++];
if (current) {
fs.stat(current, (err, stat) => {
if (err) callback(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(current, (err, files) => {
dirs = [...dirs, ...files.map((item) => path.join(current, item))];
next();
});
} else {
next();
}
});
} else {
rmdir();
}
})();
}
function rmdirWideAsync(dir, callback) {
let dirs = [dir];
let index = 0;
function rmdir() {
let current = dirs.pop();
if (current) {
fs.stat(current, (err, stat) => {
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.rmdir(current, rmdir);
} else {
fs.unlink(current, rmdir);
}
});
}
}
!(function next() {
let current = dirs[index++];
if (current) {
fs.stat(current, (err, stat) => {
if (err) callback(err);
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
fs.readdir(current, (err, files) => {
dirs = [...dirs, ...files.map((item) => path.join(current, item))];
next();
});
} else {
next();
}
});
} else {
rmdir();
}
})();
}
8. 遍历算法 #
-
目录是一个树状结构,在遍历时一般使用深度优先+先序遍历算法
-
深度优先,意味着到达一个节点后,首先接着遍历子节点而不是邻居节点
-
先序遍历,意味着首次到达了某节点就算遍历完成,而不是最后一次返回某节点才算数
-
因此使用这种遍历方式时,下边这棵树的遍历顺序是 A > B > D > E > C > F。
A / \ B C / \ \ D E F
A / \ B C / \ \ D E F
8.1 同步深度优先+先序遍历 #
function deepSync(dir) { console.log(dir); fs.readdirSync(dir).forEach((file) => { let child = path.join(dir, file); let stat = fs.statSync(child); if (stat.isDirectory()) { deepSync(child); } else { console.log(child); } }); }
function deepSync(dir) { console.log(dir); fs.readdirSync(dir).forEach((file) => { let child = path.join(dir, file); let stat = fs.statSync(child); if (stat.isDirectory()) { deepSync(child); } else { console.log(child); } }); }
8.2 异步深度优先+先序遍历 #
function deep(dir, callback) { console.log(dir); fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => { !(function next(index) { if (index == files.length) { return callback(); } let child = path.join(dir, files[index]); fs.stat(child, (err, stat) => { if (stat.isDirectory()) { deep(child, () => next(index + 1)); } else { console.log(child); next(index + 1); } }); })(0); }); }
function deep(dir, callback) { console.log(dir); fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => { !(function next(index) { if (index == files.length) { return callback(); } let child = path.join(dir, files[index]); fs.stat(child, (err, stat) => { if (stat.isDirectory()) { deep(child, () => next(index + 1)); } else { console.log(child); next(index + 1); } }); })(0); }); }
8.3 同步广度优先+先序遍历 #
function wideSync(dir) { let dirs = [dir]; while (dirs.length > 0) { let current = dirs.shift(); console.log(current); let stat = fs.statSync(current); if (stat.isDirectory()) { let files = fs.readdirSync(current); files.forEach((item) => { dirs.push(path.join(current, item)); }); } } }
function wideSync(dir) { let dirs = [dir]; while (dirs.length > 0) { let current = dirs.shift(); console.log(current); let stat = fs.statSync(current); if (stat.isDirectory()) { let files = fs.readdirSync(current); files.forEach((item) => { dirs.push(path.join(current, item)); }); } } }
8.4 异步广度优先+先序遍历 #
// 异步广度遍历
function wide(dir, cb) {
console.log(dir);
cb && cb();
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
!(function next(i) {
if (i >= files.length) return;
let child = path.join(dir, files[i]);
fs.stat(child, (err, stat) => {
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
wide(child, () => next(i + 1));
} else {
console.log(child);
next(i + 1);
}
});
})(0);
});
}
wide(path.join(__dirname, "a"));
// 异步广度遍历
function wide(dir, cb) {
console.log(dir);
cb && cb();
fs.readdir(dir, (err, files) => {
!(function next(i) {
if (i >= files.length) return;
let child = path.join(dir, files[i]);
fs.stat(child, (err, stat) => {
if (stat.isDirectory()) {
wide(child, () => next(i + 1));
} else {
console.log(child);
next(i + 1);
}
});
})(0);
});
}
wide(path.join(__dirname, "a"));
8. path 模块 #
path 是 node 中专门处理路径的一个核心模块
- path.join 将多个参数值字符串结合为一个路径字符串
- path.basename 获取一个路径中的文件名
- path.extname 获取一个路径中的扩展名
- path.sep 操作系统提定的文件分隔符
- path.delimiter 属性值为系统指定的环境变量路径分隔符
- path.normalize 将非标准的路径字符串转化为标准路径字符串 特点:
- 可以解析 . 和 …
- 多个杠可以转换成一个杠
- 在 windows 下反杠会转化成正杠
- 如结尾以杠结尾的,则保留斜杠
- resolve
- 以应用程序根目录为起点
- 如果参数是普通字符串,则意思是当前目录的下级目录
- 如果参数是… 回到上一级目录
- 如果是/开头表示一个绝对的根路径
var path = require("path");
var fs = require("fs");
/**
* normalize 将非标准化的路径转化成标准化的路径
* 1.解析. 和 ..
* 2.多个斜杠会转成一个斜杠
* 3.window下的斜杠会转成正斜杠
* 4.如果以斜杠会保留
**/
console.log(path.normalize("./a////b//..\\c//e//..//"));
// \a\c\
//多个参数字符串合并成一个路径 字符串
console.log(path.join(__dirname, "a", "b"));
/**
* resolve
* 以就用程序为根目录,做为起点,根据参数解析出一个绝对路径
* 1.以应用程序为根起点
* 2... .
* 3. 普通 字符串代表子目录
* 4. /代表绝地路径根目录
*/
console.log(path.resolve()); //空代表当前的目录 路径
console.log(path.resolve("a", "/c")); // /a/b
// d:\c
//可以获取两个路径之间的相对关系
console.log(path.relative(__dirname, "/a"));
// a
//返回指定路径的所在目录
console.log(path.dirname(__filename)); // 9.path
console.log(path.dirname("./1.path.js")); // 9.path
//basename 获取路径中的文件名
console.log(path.basename(__filename));
console.log(path.basename(__filename, ".js"));
console.log(path.extname(__filename));
console.log(path.sep); //文件分隔符 window \ linux /
console.log(path.win32.sep);
console.log(path.posix.sep);
console.log(path.delimiter); //路径 分隔符 window ; linux :
var path = require("path");
var fs = require("fs");
/**
* normalize 将非标准化的路径转化成标准化的路径
* 1.解析. 和 ..
* 2.多个斜杠会转成一个斜杠
* 3.window下的斜杠会转成正斜杠
* 4.如果以斜杠会保留
**/
console.log(path.normalize("./a////b//..\\c//e//..//"));
// \a\c\
//多个参数字符串合并成一个路径 字符串
console.log(path.join(__dirname, "a", "b"));
/**
* resolve
* 以就用程序为根目录,做为起点,根据参数解析出一个绝对路径
* 1.以应用程序为根起点
* 2... .
* 3. 普通 字符串代表子目录
* 4. /代表绝地路径根目录
*/
console.log(path.resolve()); //空代表当前的目录 路径
console.log(path.resolve("a", "/c")); // /a/b
// d:\c
//可以获取两个路径之间的相对关系
console.log(path.relative(__dirname, "/a"));
// a
//返回指定路径的所在目录
console.log(path.dirname(__filename)); // 9.path
console.log(path.dirname("./1.path.js")); // 9.path
//basename 获取路径中的文件名
console.log(path.basename(__filename));
console.log(path.basename(__filename, ".js"));
console.log(path.extname(__filename));
console.log(path.sep); //文件分隔符 window \ linux /
console.log(path.win32.sep);
console.log(path.posix.sep);
console.log(path.delimiter); //路径 分隔符 window ; linux :
9. flags #
符号 | 含义 |
---|---|
r | 读文件,文件不存在报错 |
r+ | 读取并写入,文件不存在报错 |
rs | 同步读取文件并忽略缓存 |
w | 写入文件,不存在则创建,存在则清空 |
wx | 排它写入文件 |
w+ | 读取并写入文件,不存在则创建,存在则清空 |
wx+ | 和 w+类似,排他方式打开 |
a | 追加写入 |
ax | 与 a 类似,排他方式写入 |
a+ | 读取并追加写入,不存在则创建 |
ax+ | 作用与 a+类似,但是以排他方式打开文件 |
10. 助记 #
- r 读取
- w 写入
- s 同步
- + 增加相反操作
- x 排他方式
- r+ w+的区别?
- 当文件不存在时,r+不会创建,而会导致调用失败,但 w+会创建。
- 如果文件存在,r+不会自动清空文件,但 w+会自动把已有文件的内容清空。
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